ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGY OF STARCH NITRATE PRODUCTION
Tishchenko Sergey
“Research production enterprise of chemical products” LLC, Shostka, Sumy region, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5043-4160
Lukashov Vladimir
Shostka Institute of Sumy State University, Shostka, Sumy region, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9952-0158
Plyatsuk Leonid
Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0095-5846
DOI: 10.52363/2522-1892.2024.1.5
Keywords: starch, nitric acid, nitration, starch nitrate, chemical resistance, drains, presipitation
Abstract
This article is devoted to development of an environmentally safe technology for production of an explosive substance – starch nitrate.
The aim of the development was to create the technology for starch nitrate production, which reduces the man-made burden on the environment, due to the absence of acidic wastes discharged into the environment, and also ensures the chemical stability of starch nitrate. This is achieved by starch nitration with highly concentrated nitric acid without adding sulfuric acid.
To work out this process in laboratory conditions, nitration of starch was carried out with 98 %, 90 % and 85 % nitric acids. Obtained starch nitrate was precipitated from the solution in nitric acid into the aqueous solution of nitric acid of lower concentration, separated from the precipitation medium, washed with water, dried, and its chemical stability was determined. The following portions of starch nitrate were precipitated in media prepared from drains formed after washing previous portions of starch nitrate by adding 98 % nitric acid to them. Concentrations of nitric acid in the initial and spent precipitation media were determined.
Based on the results of the experimental studies, the modes of the technological process were established, which allows effective regeneration of the presipitation medium after presipitation of starch nitrate, which excludes the ingress of acid waste into the environment, and ensure high chemical stability of the obtained starch nitrate. The technological scheme for the continuous production of starch nitrate according to environmentally safe technology using a drum vacuum filter was developed, in which all starch nitrate stabilization operations are combined.
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