THE ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN WATER OF NATURAL SOURСES OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT - Науково-технічний журнал «Техногенно-екологічна безпека»

Abstract. The article presents the results of a comprehensive environmental assessment of the condition of natural drinking water sources (captured springs) in the city of Kharkiv. The importance of the study lies in the critical need to verify the quality of alternative water sources, which are considered as a strategic reserve in emergency situations, hostilities and long-term disruptions in the operation of centralized water supply systems ("blackouts"). The methodological basis of the study includes experimental data of water samples and near soils collected at nine representative locations within the city and its suburbs (including Sarzhyn Yar, Karpivske, Manzhosiv Yar, etc.). A key aspect of the research was the determination of heavy metal concentrations (lead, zinc, and copper) within the “soil‑water supplly” system using atomic absorption spectrometry. In parallel, a detailed analysis of sanitary and chemical safety indicators has been conducted, including nitrate, nitrite, chloride, sulfate, pH, total hardness, and total dissolved solids. The results indicate that a significant proportion of the studied sources have an anthropogenic impact. Exceedances of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) for lead have been identified in water samples from sources located in areas with intensive traffic and industrial load. In particular, critical levels of lead have been discovered in the Karpivske, which is associated with its proximity to railways. Despite relatively stable concentrations of zinc and copper in water, the accumulation of mobile forms of copper has been detected in adjacent soils, indicating long-term accumulation of toxic substances. Special attention is given to nitrate contamination: in the several places (e.g., Yunost Park, Nemyshlianske), nitrate levels significantly exceed permissible limits, reflecting poor conditions of the drainage basin and infiltration of organic pollutants. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in providing a basis for developing recommendations regarding the use of springs as backup water sources. It has been demonstrated that the use of such water without prior treatment and systematic monitoring poses has a potential risk to public health. The findings can be integrated into civil protection systems and environmental monitoring frameworks of urbanized areas to mitigate the consequences of anthropogenic and environmental hazards.

Key words: natural drinking water sources, water quality, heavy metals, anthropogenic pressure, environmental monitoring, urbanized areas, backup water supply sources.

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